Ratio measurement of diffuse to direct solar irradiances in the middle ultraviolet

A. T. Chai; A. E. S. Green

doi:10.1364/AO.15.001182

Applied Optics
Vol. 15,
Issue 5,
pp. 1182-1187
(1976)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.15.001182

Ratio measurement of diffuse to direct solar irradiances in the middle ultraviolet

A. T. Chai and A. E. S. Green

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A. T. Chai and A. E. S. Green, "Ratio measurement of diffuse to direct solar irradiances in the middle ultraviolet," Appl. Opt. 15, 1182-1187 (1976)

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Abstract

The experimental details in the ratio measurement of diffuse to direct solar irradiances in the middle uv are described. Some experimental data for typical partly cloudy inland summer weather in Florida are discussed and compared with various theoretical calculations. The more extensive data for clear days from P. Bener are also compared with various calculations. We have concluded that it is feasible to improve the uv calculations with the proposed ratio measurements for various sky conditions.

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Date 1975	Time EST (zenith angle)		Sky and ceiling at local airport^a	Cloud cover^b (in tenth)		298 nm	300	302	304	306	308	310	312	314	316	318	320	322 nm
Date 1975	total	diffuse	Sky and ceiling at local airport^a	Cloud cover^b (in tenth)		298 nm	300	302	304	306	308	310	312	314	316	318	320	322 nm
6/4	14:33 (27.13)	14:28 (26.05)	300	6		1.83	2.70	2.87	2.19	2.05	2.05	2.12	2.13	2.13	2.36	2.45	2.17	2.80
6/5	12:05 (8.76)	12:11 (8.05)	E25	6	(1)	—	—	1.19	1.04	1.10	1.07	1.10	1.10	1.09	1.11	1.12	1.09	—
	14:11 (24.18)	14:04 (22.69)	40	5		—	—	3.09	3.37	3.09	2.98	2.63	2.88	2.84	2.90	3.02	2.51	3.06
6/12	12:37 (6.74)	12:34 (6.60)	35	6	(2)	1.17	1.18	1.22	1.30	1.26	1.28	1.26	1.26	1.20	1.25	1.18	1.17	1.13
	12:37 (6.74)	12:45 (7.41)	35	6		1.02	1.11	1.09	1.18	1.14	1.12	1.07	1.12	1.08	1.08	1.09	1.02	1.01
	15:16 (37.73)	15:11 (36.64)	45	3		—	—	2.00	1.67	1.82	1.79	2.50	1.72	1.62	1.67	1.62	1.54	1.67
6/17	11:31 (14.63)	11:28 (15.23)	0	<1	(3)	—	—	0.97	1.17	1.28	1.23	1.19	1.28	1.30	1.22	1.21	1.16	1.14
	13:14 (11.63)	13:17 (12.20)	35 250	6	(4)	—	1.25	1.21	1.20	1.09	1.11	1.20	1.11	1.12	1.14	1.17	1.12	1.10
	14:26 (26.58)	14:29 (27.23)	35 100 E250	8		3.46	3.04	2.65	2.78	2.93	2.90	2.90	2.98	2.87	3.01	3.29	3.15	3.27
6/18	8:37 (52.04)	8:34(52.68)	10	<1	(5)	2.54	—	2.89	2.47	2.36	2.38	2.61	2.25	2.14	2.35	2.14	2.26	2.14
	9:29 (40.79)	9:32 (40.14)	20		(5)	—	2.47	2.57	2.08	1.82	1.78	1.76	1.77	1.69	1.73	1.69	1.63	1.72
7/16	10:30 (29.36)	10:35 (28.28)	25 250	6	(6)	1.08	1.56	1.79	1.56	1.54	1.46	1.40	1.42	1.38	1.42	1.56	1.32	—
	12:48 (8.74)	12:55 (9.38)	35 250	6		0.47	0.49	0.52	0.49	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.51	0.51	0.53	0.58	0.52	—
	13:48 (18.32)	13:53 (19.33)	35 250	7		0.52	0.50	0.55	0.61	0.63	0.62	0.62	0.62	0.63	0.61	0.64	0.57	0.46
7/23	10:45 (26.79)	10:40 (27.84)	35 250	5		—	1.75	1.59	1.44	1.39	1.40	1.42	1.40	1.35	1.40	1.32	1.35	1.42
	10:53 (25.12)	10:48 (26.16)	35 250	7		2.16	1.66	1.46	1.36	1.33	1.36	1.41	1.36	1.36	1.44	1.26	1.36	1.47
	10:58 (24.08)	11:02 (23.25)	35 250	7		1.21	1.50	1.63	1.42	1.44	1.45	1.41	1.40	1.42	1.45	1.43	1.36	1.35
	12:43 (9.69)	12:30 (9.64)	40 250	7		0.99	1.07	1.22	1.22	1.28	1.25	1.28	1.31	1.26	1.25	1.31	1.20	1.22
	13:34 (16.27)	13:30 (15.55)	40 250	7		1.48	1.51	1.47	1.37	1.40	1.41	1.39	1.37	1.40	1.42	1.42	1.41	1.46
7/24	9:58 (36.93)	9:55 (37.58)	E 250	<1	(7)	—	—	1.56	1.07	1.11	1.17	1.08	1.12	1.23	1.16	1.33	1.27	—
7/31	13:25 (17.64)	13:20 (16.79)	E 20 ⊕ 80 ⊕	8		1.42	1.51	1.50	1.57	1.58	1.59	1.65	1.58	1.54	1.60	1.51	1.48	—
	13:50 (22.30)	13:55 (23.28)	E 20 ⊕ 80 ⊕	8		1.53	1.40	1.51	1.55	1.54	1.58	1.61	1.55	1.52	1.55	1.47	1.46	1.33

	τ = 0.205							τ = 0.411							τ = 0.616

λ_nm	5°	10°	20°	30°	40°	50°	60°	5°	10°	20°	30°	40°	50°	60°	5°	10°	20°	30°	40°	50°	60°
290	1.00	1.02	1.11	1.30	1.67	2.60	6.77	1.37	1.39	1.52	1.77	2.31	3.68	10.05	1.79	1.83	2.00	2.36	3.11	5.09	14.75
300	1.03	1.05	1.13	1.31	1.68	2.53	5.70	1.30	1.42	1.54	1.80	2.32	3.59	8.50	1.82	1.86	2.03	2.38	3.12	4.96	12.50
302	1.05	1.06	1.15	1.33	1.68	2.48	5.13	1.41	1.44	1.56	1.82	2.33	3.52	7.68	1.84	1.88	2.05	2.40	3.13	4.87	11.30
304	1.06	1.08	1.16	1.34	1.68	2.44	4.78	1.43	1.45	1.58	1.83	2.33	3.47	7.17	1.86	1.90	2.06	2.41	3.12	4.79	10.56
306	1.06	1.08	1.17	1.34	1.68	2.40	4.54	1.43	1.46	1.58	1.83	2.32	3.41	6.81	1.87	1.90	2.07	2.42	3.11	4.72	10.03
308	1.07	1.09	1.17	1.34	1.67	2.37	4.34	1.43	1.46	1.58	1.82	2.30	3.36	6.52	1.87	1.90	2.07	2.41	3.09	4.65	9.61
310	1.06	1.08	1.16	1.33	1.65	2.33	4.18	1.43	1.46	1.57	1.81	2.28	3.30	6.28	1.86	1.90	2.06	2.40	3.06	4.57	9.25
312	1.06	1.08	1.16	1.32	1.63	2.28	4.03	1.42	1.45	1.56	1.80	2.25	3.24	6.06	1.85	1.89	2.05	2.37	3.03	4.49	8.93
314	1.05	1.06	1.14	1.30	1.61	2.23	3.89	1.41	1.43	1.55	1.78	2.22	3.18	5.85	1.83	1.87	2.02	2.35	2.98	4.39	8.62
316	1.03	1.05	1.13	1.28	1.58	2.18	3.75	1.39	1.42	1.53	1.75	2.18	3.10	5.65	1.81	1.85	2.00	2.31	2.93	4.30	8.33
318	1.02	1.03	1.11	1.26	1.54	2.13	3.62	1.37	1.40	1.50	1.72	2.14	3.03	5.46	1.79	1.82	1.97	2.28	2.88	4.20	8.04
320	1.00	1.02	1.09	1.23	1.51	2.07	3.49	1.35	1.37	1.49	1.69	2.10	2.95	5.24	1.76	1.79	1.94	2.24	2.82	4.09	7.76
322	0.98	0.95	1.07	1.21	1.47	2.01	3.36	1.32	1.35	1.45	1.66	2.05	2.87	5.08	1.73	1.76	1.90	2.20	2.76	3.99	7.48

	θ = 0°					30°

λ_nm	PB	GSS^*	SG^*	BD^*	DF^*	PB	GSS^*	SG^*	BD^*	DF^*
297.5	0.49	0.61/0.75	0.69/0.99	0.70/0.79	0.72	1.10	0.76/0.97	0.89/1.28	0.91/1.03	0.93
302.5	0.52	0.79/0.97	0.73/1.04	0.76/0.86	0.76	0.93	0.95/1.20	0.93/1.33	0.97/1.09	0.96
307.5	0.73	0.83/1.02	0.75/1.06	0.79/0.87	0.76	1.19	0.98/1.24	0.94/1.34	0.98/1.10	0.95
312.5	0.84	0.80/0.98	0.74/1.05	0.78/0.87	0.74	1.25	0.94/1.19	0.92/1.32	0.97/1.09	0.92
317.5	0.89	0.76/0.93	0.71/1.02	0.76/0.84	0.70	1.28	0.88/1.11	0.88/1.27	0.93/1.04	0.86
322.5	0.87	0.71/0.87	0.67/0.97	0.71/0.80	0.65	1.20	0.82/1.03	0.83/1.20	0.88/0.99	0.80
	50°					60°
297.5	2.21	1.73/2.38	1.79/2.63				5.72/8.63	4.76/7.19	5.00/5.90	4.81
302.5	2.18	1.56/2.14	1.68/2.47				2.98/4.49	3.27/5.03	3.38/3.66	3.30
307.5	2.41	1.43/1.96	1.61/2.38				2.22/3.32	2.83/4.39	2.95/3.48	2.88
312.5	2.39	1.32/1.80	1.53/2.27				1.90/2.84	2.56/3.99	2.68/3.17	2.59
317.5	2.28	1.22/1.66	1.43/2.14				1.72/2.56	2.33/3.65	2.44/2.89	2.32
322.5	2.12	1.13/1.53	1.33/2.00				1.59/2.35	2.11/3.33	2.20/2.63	2.08

Date 1975	Time EST (zenith angle)		Sky and ceiling at local airport^a	Cloud cover^b (in tenth)		298 nm	300	302	304	306	308	310	312	314	316	318	320	322 nm
Date 1975	total	diffuse	Sky and ceiling at local airport^a	Cloud cover^b (in tenth)		298 nm	300	302	304	306	308	310	312	314	316	318	320	322 nm
6/4	14:33 (27.13)	14:28 (26.05)	300	6		1.83	2.70	2.87	2.19	2.05	2.05	2.12	2.13	2.13	2.36	2.45	2.17	2.80
6/5	12:05 (8.76)	12:11 (8.05)	E25	6	(1)	—	—	1.19	1.04	1.10	1.07	1.10	1.10	1.09	1.11	1.12	1.09	—
	14:11 (24.18)	14:04 (22.69)	40	5		—	—	3.09	3.37	3.09	2.98	2.63	2.88	2.84	2.90	3.02	2.51	3.06
6/12	12:37 (6.74)	12:34 (6.60)	35	6	(2)	1.17	1.18	1.22	1.30	1.26	1.28	1.26	1.26	1.20	1.25	1.18	1.17	1.13
	12:37 (6.74)	12:45 (7.41)	35	6		1.02	1.11	1.09	1.18	1.14	1.12	1.07	1.12	1.08	1.08	1.09	1.02	1.01
	15:16 (37.73)	15:11 (36.64)	45	3		—	—	2.00	1.67	1.82	1.79	2.50	1.72	1.62	1.67	1.62	1.54	1.67
6/17	11:31 (14.63)	11:28 (15.23)	0	<1	(3)	—	—	0.97	1.17	1.28	1.23	1.19	1.28	1.30	1.22	1.21	1.16	1.14
	13:14 (11.63)	13:17 (12.20)	35 250	6	(4)	—	1.25	1.21	1.20	1.09	1.11	1.20	1.11	1.12	1.14	1.17	1.12	1.10
	14:26 (26.58)	14:29 (27.23)	35 100 E250	8		3.46	3.04	2.65	2.78	2.93	2.90	2.90	2.98	2.87	3.01	3.29	3.15	3.27
6/18	8:37 (52.04)	8:34(52.68)	10	<1	(5)	2.54	—	2.89	2.47	2.36	2.38	2.61	2.25	2.14	2.35	2.14	2.26	2.14
	9:29 (40.79)	9:32 (40.14)	20		(5)	—	2.47	2.57	2.08	1.82	1.78	1.76	1.77	1.69	1.73	1.69	1.63	1.72
7/16	10:30 (29.36)	10:35 (28.28)	25 250	6	(6)	1.08	1.56	1.79	1.56	1.54	1.46	1.40	1.42	1.38	1.42	1.56	1.32	—
	12:48 (8.74)	12:55 (9.38)	35 250	6		0.47	0.49	0.52	0.49	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.51	0.51	0.53	0.58	0.52	—
	13:48 (18.32)	13:53 (19.33)	35 250	7		0.52	0.50	0.55	0.61	0.63	0.62	0.62	0.62	0.63	0.61	0.64	0.57	0.46
7/23	10:45 (26.79)	10:40 (27.84)	35 250	5		—	1.75	1.59	1.44	1.39	1.40	1.42	1.40	1.35	1.40	1.32	1.35	1.42
	10:53 (25.12)	10:48 (26.16)	35 250	7		2.16	1.66	1.46	1.36	1.33	1.36	1.41	1.36	1.36	1.44	1.26	1.36	1.47
	10:58 (24.08)	11:02 (23.25)	35 250	7		1.21	1.50	1.63	1.42	1.44	1.45	1.41	1.40	1.42	1.45	1.43	1.36	1.35
	12:43 (9.69)	12:30 (9.64)	40 250	7		0.99	1.07	1.22	1.22	1.28	1.25	1.28	1.31	1.26	1.25	1.31	1.20	1.22
	13:34 (16.27)	13:30 (15.55)	40 250	7		1.48	1.51	1.47	1.37	1.40	1.41	1.39	1.37	1.40	1.42	1.42	1.41	1.46
7/24	9:58 (36.93)	9:55 (37.58)	E 250	<1	(7)	—	—	1.56	1.07	1.11	1.17	1.08	1.12	1.23	1.16	1.33	1.27	—
7/31	13:25 (17.64)	13:20 (16.79)	E 20 ⊕ 80 ⊕	8		1.42	1.51	1.50	1.57	1.58	1.59	1.65	1.58	1.54	1.60	1.51	1.48	—
	13:50 (22.30)	13:55 (23.28)	E 20 ⊕ 80 ⊕	8		1.53	1.40	1.51	1.55	1.54	1.58	1.61	1.55	1.52	1.55	1.47	1.46	1.33

	τ = 0.205							τ = 0.411							τ = 0.616

λ_nm	5°	10°	20°	30°	40°	50°	60°	5°	10°	20°	30°	40°	50°	60°	5°	10°	20°	30°	40°	50°	60°
290	1.00	1.02	1.11	1.30	1.67	2.60	6.77	1.37	1.39	1.52	1.77	2.31	3.68	10.05	1.79	1.83	2.00	2.36	3.11	5.09	14.75
300	1.03	1.05	1.13	1.31	1.68	2.53	5.70	1.30	1.42	1.54	1.80	2.32	3.59	8.50	1.82	1.86	2.03	2.38	3.12	4.96	12.50
302	1.05	1.06	1.15	1.33	1.68	2.48	5.13	1.41	1.44	1.56	1.82	2.33	3.52	7.68	1.84	1.88	2.05	2.40	3.13	4.87	11.30
304	1.06	1.08	1.16	1.34	1.68	2.44	4.78	1.43	1.45	1.58	1.83	2.33	3.47	7.17	1.86	1.90	2.06	2.41	3.12	4.79	10.56
306	1.06	1.08	1.17	1.34	1.68	2.40	4.54	1.43	1.46	1.58	1.83	2.32	3.41	6.81	1.87	1.90	2.07	2.42	3.11	4.72	10.03
308	1.07	1.09	1.17	1.34	1.67	2.37	4.34	1.43	1.46	1.58	1.82	2.30	3.36	6.52	1.87	1.90	2.07	2.41	3.09	4.65	9.61
310	1.06	1.08	1.16	1.33	1.65	2.33	4.18	1.43	1.46	1.57	1.81	2.28	3.30	6.28	1.86	1.90	2.06	2.40	3.06	4.57	9.25
312	1.06	1.08	1.16	1.32	1.63	2.28	4.03	1.42	1.45	1.56	1.80	2.25	3.24	6.06	1.85	1.89	2.05	2.37	3.03	4.49	8.93
314	1.05	1.06	1.14	1.30	1.61	2.23	3.89	1.41	1.43	1.55	1.78	2.22	3.18	5.85	1.83	1.87	2.02	2.35	2.98	4.39	8.62
316	1.03	1.05	1.13	1.28	1.58	2.18	3.75	1.39	1.42	1.53	1.75	2.18	3.10	5.65	1.81	1.85	2.00	2.31	2.93	4.30	8.33
318	1.02	1.03	1.11	1.26	1.54	2.13	3.62	1.37	1.40	1.50	1.72	2.14	3.03	5.46	1.79	1.82	1.97	2.28	2.88	4.20	8.04
320	1.00	1.02	1.09	1.23	1.51	2.07	3.49	1.35	1.37	1.49	1.69	2.10	2.95	5.24	1.76	1.79	1.94	2.24	2.82	4.09	7.76
322	0.98	0.95	1.07	1.21	1.47	2.01	3.36	1.32	1.35	1.45	1.66	2.05	2.87	5.08	1.73	1.76	1.90	2.20	2.76	3.99	7.48

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Applied Optics