Nimbus-5 ITPR Experiment

W. L. Smith; D. T. Hilleary; J. C. Fischer; H. B. Howell; H. M. Woolf

doi:10.1364/AO.13.000499

Applied Optics
Vol. 13,
Issue 3,
pp. 499-506
(1974)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.13.000499

Nimbus-5 ITPR Experiment

W. L. Smith, D. T. Hilleary, J. C. Fischer, H. B. Howell, and H. M. Woolf

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W. L. Smith, D. T. Hilleary, J. C. Fischer, H. B. Howell, and H. M. Woolf, "Nimbus-5 ITPR Experiment," Appl. Opt. 13, 499-506 (1974)

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Abstract

The Nimbus-5 infrared temperature profile radiometer (ITPR) experiment was designed to measure up-welling infrared radiation in appropriate spectral intervals and with sufficient geographical resolution for sounding the atmosphere’s temperature distribution down to the earth’s surface even under partly cloudy sky conditions. A primary scientific goal of the experiment was the specification of the mesoscale features of surface and atmospheric temperature and water vapor that are associated with intense weather systems. In this paper the ITPR instrument is described and some initial spacecraft results are given that demonstrate the success of the experiment in achieving its scientific goals.

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Channel no.	Central wavenumber (cm⁻¹)	(Central wavelength) (μm)	Half bandwidth (cm⁻¹)	Rms noise-equivalent radiance (mw/m² sr cm⁻¹)	Noise-equivalent temperature (K) for a 250 K and 300 K scene

					250 K	300 K
1	2679	(3.73)	430	0.005	1.43	0.20
2	899.0	(11.1)	39.5	0.08	0.08	0.05
3	747.0	(13.4)	17.2	0.20	0.17	0.13
4	713.8	(14.0)	17.0	0.17	0.14	0.11
5	689.5	(14.5)	15.2	0.17	0.14	0.11
6	668.3	(15.0)	5.3	0.69	0.57	0.46
7	507.3	(19.7)	84	0.09	0.08	0.08

Channel	R (200 K)	R (250 K)	R (300 K)	$\bar{R}$	T ( $\bar{R}$ )
1 (3.7 μm)	0.001	0.053	0.657	0.237	277.5
2 (11 μm)	13.50	49.25	117.56	60.10	259.9

Meteorological variable	Nominal horizontal resolution	Estimated rms error	Number Per Day

			Full scan	Scan off
Surface temperature	75 n.mi.	1–2°C	12,000	4,000
Surface temperature	250 n.mi.	<1°C	1,000	1,000
Vertical temperature profile	75 n.mi.	1–3°C (SFC-20 ki)	12,000	4,000
Vertical temperature profile	250 n.mi.	1–3°C (SFC-20 km)	1,000	1,000
Vertical water-vapor profile	250 n.mi.	10–20%	1,000	1,000
Total outgoing longwave radiation flux	250 n.mi.	<5%	1,000	1,000
Vertical cloud distribution (amount of cloud as a function of altitude)	250 n.mi.	Unknown	1,000	1, 000

Channel no.	Central wavenumber (cm⁻¹)	(Central wavelength) (μm)	Half bandwidth (cm⁻¹)	Rms noise-equivalent radiance (mw/m² sr cm⁻¹)	Noise-equivalent temperature (K) for a 250 K and 300 K scene

					250 K	300 K
1	2679	(3.73)	430	0.005	1.43	0.20
2	899.0	(11.1)	39.5	0.08	0.08	0.05
3	747.0	(13.4)	17.2	0.20	0.17	0.13
4	713.8	(14.0)	17.0	0.17	0.14	0.11
5	689.5	(14.5)	15.2	0.17	0.14	0.11
6	668.3	(15.0)	5.3	0.69	0.57	0.46
7	507.3	(19.7)	84	0.09	0.08	0.08

Channel	R (200 K)	R (250 K)	R (300 K)	$\bar{R}$	T ( $\bar{R}$ )
1 (3.7 μm)	0.001	0.053	0.657	0.237	277.5
2 (11 μm)	13.50	49.25	117.56	60.10	259.9

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Applied Optics