Effect of Aerosol Variation on Radiance in the Earth’s Atmosphere–Ocean System

Gilbert N. Plass; George W. Kattawar

doi:10.1364/AO.11.001598

Applied Optics
Vol. 11,
Issue 7,
pp. 1598-1604
(1972)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.11.001598

Effect of Aerosol Variation on Radiance in the Earth’s Atmosphere–Ocean System

Gilbert N. Plass and George W. Kattawar

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Gilbert N. Plass and George W. Kattawar, "Effect of Aerosol Variation on Radiance in the Earth’s Atmosphere–Ocean System," Appl. Opt. 11, 1598-1604 (1972)

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Abstract

The reflected and transmitted radiance is calculated for a realistic model of the atmosphere–ocean system. Multiple scattering to all orders as well as anisotropic scattering from aerosols are taken into account by a Monte Carlo technique. The probability for reflection or refraction at the ocean surface is calculated for each photon. Scattering and absorption by water molecules (Rayleigh) and by hydrosols (Mie) are taken into account within the ocean. The radiance is calculated for a normal aerosol distribution as well as for a three and ten times normal distribution. Calculations are also made for an aerosol layer near the earth as well as for one in the stratosphere. The upward radiance at the top of the atmosphere depends strongly on the total number of aerosols but not on their spatial distribution. Variations in the ozone amount also have little effect on the upward radiance. The calculations are made at the following wavelengths: 0.7 μ, 0.9 μ, 1.67 μ. The radiance above and below the ocean surface as well as the flux at various levels are also discussed.

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λ (μ)	β_S_,_R/β_T_,_R	β_S_,_M/β_T_,_M	β_T_,_R/β_T
0.7	4.95 × 10⁻³	0.833	0.914
0.9	1.04 × 10⁻⁴	0.333	0.987
1.67	8.4 × 10⁻⁸	0.00498	0.992

Model	Aerosol number density	Ozone absorption coefficient
A	Based on Ref. 13	Based on Ref. 13; 0.35-cm total amount
B	Three times model A	Same as model A
C	Ten times model A	Same as model A
D	Aerosol layer between 0 km and 1 km; total aerosol number three times model A	Same as model A
E	Ten times model A for 20–25-km region; unchanged from model A at other altitudes	Same as model A
F	Three times model A	0.23-cm total amount; see Fig. 1
G	Three times model A	0.4-cm total amount; see Fig. 1

λ (μ)	Model	Upward flux at top of atmosphere	Upward flux just above ocean surface	Downward flux just above ocean surface	Ratio of upward to downward flux just above ocean surface	Upward flux just below ocean surface	Downward flux just below ocean surface
0.7	A	0.0650	0.0269	0.955	0.0281	1.12 × 10⁻³	0.929
0.7	B	0.1168	0.0314	0.905	0.0347	1.23 × 10⁻³	0.875
0.7	C	0.285	0.0346	0.740	0.0467	1.02 × 10⁻³	0.706
0.7	D	0.1180	0.0313	0.905	0.0346	1.27 × 10⁻³	0.874
0.7	E	0.0677	0.0269	0.948	0.0284	1.23 × 10⁻³	0.923
0.7	F	0.1180	0.0313	0.908	0.0345	1.21 × 10⁻³	0.878
0.7	G	0.1167	0.0313	0.903	0.0347	1.21 × 10⁻³	0.872
0.9	A	0.0539	0.0255	0.973	0.0262	2.95 × 10⁻⁵	0.946
0.9	B	0.1049	0.0304	0.929	0.0327	3.23 × 10⁻⁵	0.898
0.9	C	0.266	0.0348	0.766	0.0454	1.95 × 10⁻⁵	0.724
0.9	D	0.1054	0.0305	0.928	0.0329	3.68 × 10⁻⁵	0.897
0.9	E	0.0581	0.0262	0.970	0.0270	3.83 × 10⁻⁵	0.944
1.67	A	0.0408	0.0223	0.983	0.0227	2.4 × 10⁻⁷	0.960
1.67	B	0.0831	0.0265	0.944	0.0281	2.5 × 10⁻⁷	0.916
1.67	C	0.222	0.0328	0.816	0.0402	1.9 × 10⁻⁷	0.778
1.67	D	0.0833	0.0266	0.944	0.0282	3.1 × 10⁻⁷	0.917
1.67	E	0.0439	0.0227	0.980	0.0232	2.6 × 10⁻⁷	0.956

λ (μ)	β_S_,_R/β_T_,_R	β_S_,_M/β_T_,_M	β_T_,_R/β_T
0.7	4.95 × 10⁻³	0.833	0.914
0.9	1.04 × 10⁻⁴	0.333	0.987
1.67	8.4 × 10⁻⁸	0.00498	0.992

Model	Aerosol number density	Ozone absorption coefficient
A	Based on Ref. 13	Based on Ref. 13; 0.35-cm total amount
B	Three times model A	Same as model A
C	Ten times model A	Same as model A
D	Aerosol layer between 0 km and 1 km; total aerosol number three times model A	Same as model A
E	Ten times model A for 20–25-km region; unchanged from model A at other altitudes	Same as model A
F	Three times model A	0.23-cm total amount; see Fig. 1
G	Three times model A	0.4-cm total amount; see Fig. 1

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Applied Optics