Abstract
No abstract available.
Full Article | PDF ArticleMore Like This
Fred E. Nicodemus
Appl. Opt. 12(4) 904-905 (1973)
Jon Geist and Edward Zalewski
Appl. Opt. 12(2) 435-436 (1973)
R. Clark Jones
J. Opt. Soc. Am. 53(11) 1314-1315 (1963)
J. J. Muray, F. E. Nicodemus, and I. Wunderman
J. J. Muray, F. E. Nicodemus, and I. Wunderman
CENTRA, Inc., Sunnyvale, California 94086.
F. E. Nicodemus has been intermittently a consultant to CINTRA, Inc., while on leave from his regular position at the Michelson Laboratory, U.S. Naval Weapons Center, China Lake, California 93555.
No abstract available.
Full Article | PDF ArticleFred E. Nicodemus
Appl. Opt. 12(4) 904-905 (1973)
Jon Geist and Edward Zalewski
Appl. Opt. 12(2) 435-436 (1973)
R. Clark Jones
J. Opt. Soc. Am. 53(11) 1314-1315 (1963)
P. K. Kaiser
Appl. Opt. 10(12) 2768-2770 (1971)
Graham R. Hunt and Lloyd M. Logan
Appl. Opt. 10(12) 2770-2770 (1971)
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ASA Z58.1.1–1953 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||
QUANTITY | SYMBOL | DEFINING EQUATION | FORMER SYMBOL | COMMONLY USED UNITS | SYMBOLS |
| |||||
RADIANT ENERGY | Q, (Qe) | U | ERG | ||
†JOULE | J | ||||
KILOWATT–HOUR | kWh | ||||
RADIANT DENSITY | w, (we) | w = ∂Q/∂V | u | †JOULE PER CUBIC METER | J · m−3 |
ERG PER CUBIC CENTIMETER | erg · cm−3 | ||||
RADIANT FLUX | Φ, (Φe) | Φ = ∂Q/∂t | P | ERG PER SECOND | erg · s−1 |
†WATT | W | ||||
RADIANT FLUX DENSITY AT A SURFACE: | |||||
RADIANT EXITANCE (RADIANT EMITTANCE)* | M, (Me) | M = ∂Φ/∂A | W | WATT PER SQUARE CENTIMETER | W · cm−2 |
IRRADIANCE | E, (Ee) | E = ∂Φ/∂A | H | †WATT PER SQUARE METER | W · m−2 |
RADIANT INTENSITY | I, (Ie) | I = ∂Φ/∂ω | J | †WATT PER STERADIAN | W · sr−1 |
RADIANCE | L, (Le) | L = ∂2Φ/cosθ∂A∂ω | N | WATT PER SQ. CM. AND STERAD. | W · cm−2 · sr−1 |
= ∂M/cosθ∂ω | |||||
= ∂E/cosθ∂ω | †WATT PER SQ. METER AND STERAD. | W · m−2 · sr−1 | |||
= ∂I/cosθ∂A |
ASA Z58.1.1–1953 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||
QUANTITY | SYMBOL | DEFINING EQUATION | FORMER SYMBOL | COMMONLY USED UNITS | SYMBOLS |
| |||||
SPECTRAL RADIANT FLUX | Φλ | Φλ = ∂Φ/∂λ | Pλ | WATT PER NANOMETER | W · nm−1 |
WATT PER MICROMETER | W · μm−1 | ||||
Φν | Φν = ∂Φ/∂ν | Pν | WATT PER TERAHERTZ | W · THz−1 | |
SPECTRAL RADIANT EXITANCE | Mλ | Mλ = ∂M/∂λ | Wλ | WATT PER SQ. CM. AND MICROMETER | W · cm−2μm−1 |
Mν | Mν = ∂M/∂ν | Wν | WATT PER SQ. CM. AND TERAHERTZ | W · cm−2 · THz−1 | |
SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE | Eλ | Eλ = ∂E/∂λ | Hλ | WATT PER SQ. CM. AND MICROMETER | W · cm−2 · μm−1 |
Eν | Eν = ∂E/∂ν | Hν | WATT PER SQ. CM. AND TERAHERTZ | W · cm−2 · THz−1 | |
SPECTRAL RADIANT INTENSITY | Iλ | Iλ = ∂I/∂λ | Jλ | WATT PER STERAD. AND μm | W · sr−1 · μm−1 |
Iν | Iν = ∂I/∂ν | Jν | WATT PER STERAD. AND THz | W · sr−1 · THz−1 | |
SPECTRAL RADIANCE | Lλ | Lλ = ∂L/∂λ | Nλ | WATT PER SQ. CM., SR AND μm | W · cm−2 · sr−1 · μm−1 |
Lν | Lν = ∂L/∂ν | Nν | WATT PER SQ. CM., SR AND THz | W · cm−2 · sr−1 · THz−1 | |
EMISSIVITY (EMITTANCE) | |||||
DIRECTIONAL EMISSIVITY2 | ∊ (θ, ϕ) | ∊ = L(θ,ϕ)/Lbb | ∊ (θ, ϕ) | ONE (NUMERIC) | – |
TOTAL EMISSIVITY (FULL HEMISPHERE) | ∊ | ∊ = M/Mbb | ∊ | ONE (NUMERIC) | – |
SPECTRAL EMISSIVITY | ∊(λ) | ∊(λ) = LλLλ,bb | – | ONE (NUMERIC) | – |
∊(ν) | ∊(ν) = LνLν,bb | – | ONE (NUMERIC) | – |
ASA Z58.1.1–1953 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||
QUANTITY | SYMBOL | DEFINING EQUATION | FORMER SYMBOL | COMMONLY USED UNITS | SYMBOLS |
| |||||
LUMINOUS EFFICACY | κ | κ = Φν/Φe | LUMEN PER WATT | lm · W−1 | |
| |||||
LUMINOUS EFFICIENCY | V(λ) | V(λ) = κ(λ)/κ(λm), | ONE (NUMERIC) | – | |
κ(λm) = MAX. VALUE OF κ(λ) | |||||
| |||||
ABSORPTANCE (ABSORPTIVITY) | α | α = Φa/Φζ | α | ONE (NUMERIC) | – |
RADIANT ABSORPTANCE | αe | αe = Φe·a/Φe,ζ | |||
LUMINOUS ABSORPTANCE | αν | αν = Φν·a/Φν,ζ | |||
SPECTRAL ABSORPTANCE | α(λ) | α(λ) = Φλ ·a/Φλ,ζ | |||
| |||||
REFLECTANCE (REFLECTIVITY) | ρ | ρ = Φr/Φζ | ONE (NUMERIC) | – | |
RADIANT REFLECTANCE | ρe | ρe = Φe,r/Φe,ζ | ρ | ||
LUMINOUS REFLECTANCE | ρν | ρν = Φν,r/Φν,ζ | r | ||
SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE | ν(λ) | ν(λ) = Φλ,r/Φλ,Z | |||
| |||||
TRANSMITTANCE (TRANSMISSIVITY) | τ | τ = Φt/Φζ | ONE (NUMERIC) | – | |
RADIANT TRANSMITTANCE | τe | τe = Φe,t/Φe,ζ | τ | ||
LUMINOUS TRANSMITTANCE | τν | τν = Φν,t/Φν,ζ | t | ||
SPECTRAL TRANSMITTANCE | τ(λ) | τ(λ) = Φλ,t/Φλ,Z |
ASA Z58.1.1–1953 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||
QUANTITY | SYMBOL | DEFINING EQUATION | FORMER SYMBOL | COMMONLY USED UNITS | SYMBOLS |
| |||||
LUMINOUS ENERGY (QUANTITY OF LIGHT) | Q, (Qν) |
| Q | LUMEN–HOUR | lm · h |
†LUMEN–SECOND (TALBOT) | lm · s | ||||
LUMINOUS DENSITY | W, (Wν) | W = ∂Q/∂V | q | †LUMEN–SECOND PER CUBIC METER | lm · s · m−3 |
LUMINOUS FLUX | Φ, (Φν) | Φ = ∂Q/∂t | F | †LUMEN | lm |
LUMINOUS FLUX DENSITY AT A SURFACE: | |||||
LUMINOUS EXITANCE (LUMINOUS EMITTANCE)* | M, (Mν) | M = ∂Φ/∂A | L | LUMEN PER SQ. FT | lm · ft−2 |
ILLUMINATION (ILLUMINANCE) | E, (Eν) | E = ∂Φ/∂A | E | FOOTCANDLE (lm · ft−2) | |
†LUX (lm · m−2) | lx | ||||
PHOT (lm · cm−2) | Ph | ||||
LUMINOUS INTENSITY | I, (Iν) | I = ∂Φ/∂ω | I | CANDELA (lm · sr−1) | cd |
LUMINANCE (PHOTOMETRIC BRIGHTNESS) | L, (Lν) | L = ∂2Φ/cosθ∂A∂ω | B | LUMEN PER SQ. CM. AND STERAD. | lm · cm−2 · sr−1 |
CANDELA PER UNIT AREA | cd · in−2, etc. | ||||
STILB (cd · cm−2) (lm · cm−2 · sr−1) | sb | ||||
NIT († cd · m−2) | nt | ||||
FOOTLAMBERT (cd · π−1 · ft−2) | fL | ||||
LAMBERT (cd · π−1 · cm−2) | L | ||||
APOSTILB (cd · π−1 · m−2) | asb |
QUANTITY | SYMBOL | DEFINING EQUATION | UNITS | SYMBOL |
---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||
PHOTON | Q,(Qq) | QUANTA | hν | |
PHOTON DENSITY | w,(wq) | w = ∂Q/∂V | QUANTA PER CUBIC METER | hν · m−3 |
QUANTA PER CUBIC CENTIMETER | hν · cm−3 | |||
PHOTON FLUX | Φ,(Φq) | Φ = ∂Q/∂t | QUANTA PER SECOND | hν · s−1 |
= vwA = (c/n)wA* | ||||
PHOTON FLUX DENSITY AT A SURFACE | ||||
PHOTON EXITANCE | M,(Mq) | M = ∂Φ/∂A | (QUANTA PER SEC) PER SQUARE CM. | hν · s−1 · cm−2 |
= vw = (c/n)w* | ||||
PHOTON IRRADIANCE | E,(Eq) | E = ∂Φ/∂A | (QUANTA PER SEC) PER SQUARE METER | hν · s−1 · m−2 |
= vw = (c/n)w* | ||||
PHOTON INTENSITY | I,(Iq) | I = ∂Φ/∂ω | (QUANTA PER SEC) PER STERADIAN | hν · s−1 · sr−1 |
PHOTON RADIANCE (PHOTON STERANCE) | L,(Lq) | L = ∂2Φ/cosθ∂A∂ω | (QUANTA PER SEC) PER SQ. CM. AND STERADIAN | hν · s−1 · cm−2 · sr−1 |
(QUANTA PER SEC) PER SQ. METER AND STERADIAN | hν · s−1 · m−2 · sr−1 |
Recommended Nomenclature; Based Primarily on ANSI Z7.1–1967 (RP–16): (a) Radiometric Quantities
ASA Z58.1.1–1953 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||
QUANTITY | SYMBOL | DEFINING EQUATION | FORMER SYMBOL | COMMONLY USED UNITS | SYMBOLS |
| |||||
RADIANT ENERGY | Q, (Qe) | U | ERG | ||
†JOULE | J | ||||
KILOWATT–HOUR | kWh | ||||
RADIANT DENSITY | w, (we) | w = ∂Q/∂V | u | †JOULE PER CUBIC METER | J · m−3 |
ERG PER CUBIC CENTIMETER | erg · cm−3 | ||||
RADIANT FLUX | Φ, (Φe) | Φ = ∂Q/∂t | P | ERG PER SECOND | erg · s−1 |
†WATT | W | ||||
RADIANT FLUX DENSITY AT A SURFACE: | |||||
RADIANT EXITANCE (RADIANT EMITTANCE)* | M, (Me) | M = ∂Φ/∂A | W | WATT PER SQUARE CENTIMETER | W · cm−2 |
IRRADIANCE | E, (Ee) | E = ∂Φ/∂A | H | †WATT PER SQUARE METER | W · m−2 |
RADIANT INTENSITY | I, (Ie) | I = ∂Φ/∂ω | J | †WATT PER STERADIAN | W · sr−1 |
RADIANCE | L, (Le) | L = ∂2Φ/cosθ∂A∂ω | N | WATT PER SQ. CM. AND STERAD. | W · cm−2 · sr−1 |
= ∂M/cosθ∂ω | |||||
= ∂E/cosθ∂ω | †WATT PER SQ. METER AND STERAD. | W · m−2 · sr−1 | |||
= ∂I/cosθ∂A |
Recommended Nomenclature Based Primarily on ANSI Z7.1–1967 (RP–16): (b) Spectral Quantities and Emissivity
ASA Z58.1.1–1953 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||
QUANTITY | SYMBOL | DEFINING EQUATION | FORMER SYMBOL | COMMONLY USED UNITS | SYMBOLS |
| |||||
SPECTRAL RADIANT FLUX | Φλ | Φλ = ∂Φ/∂λ | Pλ | WATT PER NANOMETER | W · nm−1 |
WATT PER MICROMETER | W · μm−1 | ||||
Φν | Φν = ∂Φ/∂ν | Pν | WATT PER TERAHERTZ | W · THz−1 | |
SPECTRAL RADIANT EXITANCE | Mλ | Mλ = ∂M/∂λ | Wλ | WATT PER SQ. CM. AND MICROMETER | W · cm−2μm−1 |
Mν | Mν = ∂M/∂ν | Wν | WATT PER SQ. CM. AND TERAHERTZ | W · cm−2 · THz−1 | |
SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE | Eλ | Eλ = ∂E/∂λ | Hλ | WATT PER SQ. CM. AND MICROMETER | W · cm−2 · μm−1 |
Eν | Eν = ∂E/∂ν | Hν | WATT PER SQ. CM. AND TERAHERTZ | W · cm−2 · THz−1 | |
SPECTRAL RADIANT INTENSITY | Iλ | Iλ = ∂I/∂λ | Jλ | WATT PER STERAD. AND μm | W · sr−1 · μm−1 |
Iν | Iν = ∂I/∂ν | Jν | WATT PER STERAD. AND THz | W · sr−1 · THz−1 | |
SPECTRAL RADIANCE | Lλ | Lλ = ∂L/∂λ | Nλ | WATT PER SQ. CM., SR AND μm | W · cm−2 · sr−1 · μm−1 |
Lν | Lν = ∂L/∂ν | Nν | WATT PER SQ. CM., SR AND THz | W · cm−2 · sr−1 · THz−1 | |
EMISSIVITY (EMITTANCE) | |||||
DIRECTIONAL EMISSIVITY2 | ∊ (θ, ϕ) | ∊ = L(θ,ϕ)/Lbb | ∊ (θ, ϕ) | ONE (NUMERIC) | – |
TOTAL EMISSIVITY (FULL HEMISPHERE) | ∊ | ∊ = M/Mbb | ∊ | ONE (NUMERIC) | – |
SPECTRAL EMISSIVITY | ∊(λ) | ∊(λ) = LλLλ,bb | – | ONE (NUMERIC) | – |
∊(ν) | ∊(ν) = LνLν,bb | – | ONE (NUMERIC) | – |
Recommended Nomenclature Based Primarily on ANSI Z7.1–1967 (RP–16): (c) Quantities for Interactions with Matter
ASA Z58.1.1–1953 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||
QUANTITY | SYMBOL | DEFINING EQUATION | FORMER SYMBOL | COMMONLY USED UNITS | SYMBOLS |
| |||||
LUMINOUS EFFICACY | κ | κ = Φν/Φe | LUMEN PER WATT | lm · W−1 | |
| |||||
LUMINOUS EFFICIENCY | V(λ) | V(λ) = κ(λ)/κ(λm), | ONE (NUMERIC) | – | |
κ(λm) = MAX. VALUE OF κ(λ) | |||||
| |||||
ABSORPTANCE (ABSORPTIVITY) | α | α = Φa/Φζ | α | ONE (NUMERIC) | – |
RADIANT ABSORPTANCE | αe | αe = Φe·a/Φe,ζ | |||
LUMINOUS ABSORPTANCE | αν | αν = Φν·a/Φν,ζ | |||
SPECTRAL ABSORPTANCE | α(λ) | α(λ) = Φλ ·a/Φλ,ζ | |||
| |||||
REFLECTANCE (REFLECTIVITY) | ρ | ρ = Φr/Φζ | ONE (NUMERIC) | – | |
RADIANT REFLECTANCE | ρe | ρe = Φe,r/Φe,ζ | ρ | ||
LUMINOUS REFLECTANCE | ρν | ρν = Φν,r/Φν,ζ | r | ||
SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE | ν(λ) | ν(λ) = Φλ,r/Φλ,Z | |||
| |||||
TRANSMITTANCE (TRANSMISSIVITY) | τ | τ = Φt/Φζ | ONE (NUMERIC) | – | |
RADIANT TRANSMITTANCE | τe | τe = Φe,t/Φe,ζ | τ | ||
LUMINOUS TRANSMITTANCE | τν | τν = Φν,t/Φν,ζ | t | ||
SPECTRAL TRANSMITTANCE | τ(λ) | τ(λ) = Φλ,t/Φλ,Z |
Recommended Nomenclature Based Primarily on ANSI Z7.1–1967 (RP–16): (d) Photometric Quantities
ASA Z58.1.1–1953 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||
QUANTITY | SYMBOL | DEFINING EQUATION | FORMER SYMBOL | COMMONLY USED UNITS | SYMBOLS |
| |||||
LUMINOUS ENERGY (QUANTITY OF LIGHT) | Q, (Qν) |
| Q | LUMEN–HOUR | lm · h |
†LUMEN–SECOND (TALBOT) | lm · s | ||||
LUMINOUS DENSITY | W, (Wν) | W = ∂Q/∂V | q | †LUMEN–SECOND PER CUBIC METER | lm · s · m−3 |
LUMINOUS FLUX | Φ, (Φν) | Φ = ∂Q/∂t | F | †LUMEN | lm |
LUMINOUS FLUX DENSITY AT A SURFACE: | |||||
LUMINOUS EXITANCE (LUMINOUS EMITTANCE)* | M, (Mν) | M = ∂Φ/∂A | L | LUMEN PER SQ. FT | lm · ft−2 |
ILLUMINATION (ILLUMINANCE) | E, (Eν) | E = ∂Φ/∂A | E | FOOTCANDLE (lm · ft−2) | |
†LUX (lm · m−2) | lx | ||||
PHOT (lm · cm−2) | Ph | ||||
LUMINOUS INTENSITY | I, (Iν) | I = ∂Φ/∂ω | I | CANDELA (lm · sr−1) | cd |
LUMINANCE (PHOTOMETRIC BRIGHTNESS) | L, (Lν) | L = ∂2Φ/cosθ∂A∂ω | B | LUMEN PER SQ. CM. AND STERAD. | lm · cm−2 · sr−1 |
CANDELA PER UNIT AREA | cd · in−2, etc. | ||||
STILB (cd · cm−2) (lm · cm−2 · sr−1) | sb | ||||
NIT († cd · m−2) | nt | ||||
FOOTLAMBERT (cd · π−1 · ft−2) | fL | ||||
LAMBERT (cd · π−1 · cm−2) | L | ||||
APOSTILB (cd · π−1 · m−2) | asb |
Recommended Radiometric Nomenclature: (e) Photon (Quantum) Quantities [not Taken from ANSI Z7.1–1967 (RP–16)]
QUANTITY | SYMBOL | DEFINING EQUATION | UNITS | SYMBOL |
---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||
PHOTON | Q,(Qq) | QUANTA | hν | |
PHOTON DENSITY | w,(wq) | w = ∂Q/∂V | QUANTA PER CUBIC METER | hν · m−3 |
QUANTA PER CUBIC CENTIMETER | hν · cm−3 | |||
PHOTON FLUX | Φ,(Φq) | Φ = ∂Q/∂t | QUANTA PER SECOND | hν · s−1 |
= vwA = (c/n)wA* | ||||
PHOTON FLUX DENSITY AT A SURFACE | ||||
PHOTON EXITANCE | M,(Mq) | M = ∂Φ/∂A | (QUANTA PER SEC) PER SQUARE CM. | hν · s−1 · cm−2 |
= vw = (c/n)w* | ||||
PHOTON IRRADIANCE | E,(Eq) | E = ∂Φ/∂A | (QUANTA PER SEC) PER SQUARE METER | hν · s−1 · m−2 |
= vw = (c/n)w* | ||||
PHOTON INTENSITY | I,(Iq) | I = ∂Φ/∂ω | (QUANTA PER SEC) PER STERADIAN | hν · s−1 · sr−1 |
PHOTON RADIANCE (PHOTON STERANCE) | L,(Lq) | L = ∂2Φ/cosθ∂A∂ω | (QUANTA PER SEC) PER SQ. CM. AND STERADIAN | hν · s−1 · cm−2 · sr−1 |
(QUANTA PER SEC) PER SQ. METER AND STERADIAN | hν · s−1 · m−2 · sr−1 |