Rocket-Borne Twin-Channel Photoelectric Stellar Photometer Suitable for Use in the 1400–3000-Å Region

J. W. Campbell

doi:10.1364/AO.10.001254

Applied Optics
Vol. 10,
Issue 6,
pp. 1254-1262
(1971)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.10.001254

Rocket-Borne Twin-Channel Photoelectric Stellar Photometer Suitable for Use in the 1400–3000-Å Region

J. W. Campbell

Not Accessible

Your library or personal account may give you access

Get PDF
Email
Share
Get Citation
Copy Citation Text
J. W. Campbell, "Rocket-Borne Twin-Channel Photoelectric Stellar Photometer Suitable for Use in the 1400–3000-Å Region," Appl. Opt. 10, 1254-1262 (1971)

Export Citation
- BibTex
- Endnote (RIS)
- HTML
- Plain Text
Citation alert
Save article

Abstract

A description is given of a rugged compact twin-channel stellar photometer developed for low resolution observations of stars in the wavelength region 1400–3000 Å. The photometer employs two parallel Newtonian telescopes of large collecting area and incorporates photoelectric detection. Various methods of nondispersive wavelength isolation are described including what may be regarded as the state of the art in reflectance filter technology. The instrument has been successfully flown on six separate occasions under the auspices of the European Space Research Organization’s program of collaborative research and yielded what are believed to be the first photoelectric stellar observations in Europe from above the earth’s atmosphere.

Full Article | PDF Article

More Like This

Sensitive Stellar Photometer with a Cassegrainian Optical System for Use in the 1300–2000-Å Region

J. W. Campbell
Appl. Opt. 11(8) 1801-1809 (1972)

Developmental Solar Blind Photomultipliers Suitable for Use in the 1450–2800-Å Region

J. W. Campbell
Appl. Opt. 10(6) 1232-1240 (1971)

A Rocket-Borne Photoelectric Spectrophotometer Using Convergent Beam Dispersion to Observe Far Ultraviolet Stellar Spectra

G. C. Sudbury
Appl. Opt. 8(10) 2013-2018 (1969)

Previous Article Next Article

Cited By

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Cited by links are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Figures (9)

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Figure files are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Tables (2)

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Article tables are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

	Boggess, NRL	Chubb, NRL	Alexander, UCL	Boggess, GSFC	Byram, NRL	Bless, SAL	Yamashita, Japan	Carruthers, NRL
Year of launch	1957	1960	1961	1961	1963	1964	1965	1967
Wavelength range	2200 Å	1350–1550 Å	1950 Å	2600 Å	1050–1190 Å	2100 Å	1060–1180 Å	1050–1180 Å
	2600 Å	1290–1350 Å		2200 Å	1150–1180 Å	2500 Å	1230–1350 Å	1230–1350 Å
				1050–1500 Å		2800 Å
No. of stars	13	50	7	6	59	61	6	7
		80
Bandwidth	210 Å	—	400 Å	220 Å	—	300 Å	—	—
	250 Å	—
Optical system	Refractor reflector	Prime focus reflectors	Honeycomb collimators	Cassegrain optics and spherical mirrors	Spherical mirror	Refractive telescopes	Reflective prime focus	Mechanical collimator
Aperture diameter	60 mm	150 mm	—	150 mm	100 mm	50 mm	90 mm	—
	150 mm	100 mm		150 mm
Accuracy of absolute calibration	None stated	Not stated	Absolute calibration not clear	Good agreement with Bless, 1968	Relative photometry ±25%; 50% probability good to factor 2	±25%	Relative to Smith’s observation of α–Leonis	±20% corrected by factor 4 at 1150 Å and 1.35 in 1969 at 1270 Å
Field of view	4° × 4°	2½° circular	±1.5°	2°	2½° circular	3° × 3°	10° circular	7°
				2°
Filter efficiency	25% transmission (1)	—	Q.E. = 0.1%	17–20% transmission (1)	—	25% transmission	—	—
Mirror reflectance	—	R¹ = 0.85	R¹ = 0.25	R² = 0.72	R¹ = 0.85		R¹ = 0.32	—
Transmission	T² = 0.64	—	Collimator T = 64%	T¹ = 0.80	—	T² = 0.64	—	—
Q.E. of detector	0.15	0.40	—	0.15	0.40	0.10–0.14	0.23–0.40	0.25–0.40
Efficiency product	0.024	0.34	0.025	0.22	0.34	0.16–0.22	0.08–0.128	0.25
Effective collecting area	0.7 cm⁻²	60 cm⁻²	0.01 cm⁻²	4 cm⁻²	27 cm⁻²	0.3 cm⁻²	1.0 cm⁻²	2.4 cm⁻²
						0.43 cm⁻²	1.4 cm⁻²	4.8 cm⁻²
Year data published	1958	1963	1964	1964	1965	1968	1968	1968
Reference	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10

	Campbell, ROE	Campbell, ROE	Campbell, ROE	Campbell, ROE	Stecher, GSFC	Carruthers, NRL	Smith, Johns Hopkins
Year of launch	1967	Nov. 1968	Dec. 1968	1968	1968	1969	Satellite 1964
Wavelength range	2150 Å	2150 Å	2150 Å	1450 Å	912–3000 Å	1030–1180 Å	1050–1650 Å
	2550 Å	2550 Å	2550 Å			1230–1350 Å	1297–1650 Å
No. of stars	35	40	40	94	26	27	96
Bandwidth	150 Å	250 Å	250 Å	300 Å	100 Å	—	—
	150 Å	250 Å	250 Å
Optical system	Reflective Newtonian telescope	Reflective Newtonian telescope	Reflective Newtonian telescope	Reflective cassegrain	Reflective off-axis convergent beam	Reflective prime focus	Reflective Newtonian telescope
Aperture diameter	184 mm	184 mm	184 mm	220 mm	150 mm × 230 mm	25 mm	66 mm
	184 mm	184 mm	184 mm			12 mm
Accuracy of absolute calibration	±25%	±25%	±25%	±25%	Not stated but agreement with Campbell indicates ±25%– ±5%	Not stated	±50%
Field of view	1° circular	1° circular	1° circular	1° circular	0.5 sq. deg.	7° × 0.6°	1.92° circular 2.0° circular
Filter efficiency	25% transmission (1)	95% reflective (2)	95% reflective (2)	—	Grating 65%	—	—
Mirror reflectance	R² = 0.72	R² = 0.95	R² = 0.95	R² = 0.72	R¹ = 0.85	R¹ = 0.60	R¹ = 0.78
Transmission	T¹ = 0.80	T¹ = 0.80	T¹ = 0.80	T¹ = 0.80	T² = 0.64	—	T¹ 0.80
Q.E. of detector	0.06–0.12	0.06–0.12	0.06–0.12	0.10–0.14	0.06–0.12	0.25–0.40	0.005
Efficiency product	0.009–0.018	0.04–0.08	0.04–0.08	0.058–0.08	0.02–0.04	0.15–0.24	0.003
Effective collecting area	2.4 cm⁻²	10.6 cm⁻²	10.6 cm⁻²	22.0 cm⁻²	6.34 cm⁻²	max. 1.2 cm⁻²	0.05 cm⁻²
	4.8 cm⁻²	21.2 cm⁻²	21.2 cm⁻²	30.5 cm⁻²	12.70 cm⁻²	max. 0.24 cm⁻²
Year data published	1970	1971	1971	1970	1969	1969	1967
Reference	11	12	12	13	14	15	16

Optical system:	Two f/1.6 18-cm × 8-cm primary mirrors, two 6-cm × 3-cm secondary flats, effective collecting area per channel—120 cm², Manufactured by G. Hole & Son, Brighton
Mirror finish:
(a)	Aluminum overcoated with magnesium fluoride by Pilkington Perkin–Elmer, St. Asaph.
(b)	Selective mirror coatings at 2150 Å and 2550 Å by Optical Coating Laboratories, Santa Rosa, Calif.
Wavelength filters:	Metal dielectric filters centered on 2150 Å and 2550 Å, passband 250 Å, manufactured by Barr and Stroud, Anniesland, Glasgow
Detectors:
(a)	2150-Å channels Ascop 451F-05M.
(b)	2550-Å experimental quartz windowed cesium telluride photomultiplier manufactured by EMI, Hayes, Middlesex, England
Fabry lenses:	Quartz f/1, 2.5-cm diam
Photometer field of view:	1° Circular

	Boggess, NRL	Chubb, NRL	Alexander, UCL	Boggess, GSFC	Byram, NRL	Bless, SAL	Yamashita, Japan	Carruthers, NRL
Year of launch	1957	1960	1961	1961	1963	1964	1965	1967
Wavelength range	2200 Å	1350–1550 Å	1950 Å	2600 Å	1050–1190 Å	2100 Å	1060–1180 Å	1050–1180 Å
	2600 Å	1290–1350 Å		2200 Å	1150–1180 Å	2500 Å	1230–1350 Å	1230–1350 Å
				1050–1500 Å		2800 Å
No. of stars	13	50	7	6	59	61	6	7
		80
Bandwidth	210 Å	—	400 Å	220 Å	—	300 Å	—	—
	250 Å	—
Optical system	Refractor reflector	Prime focus reflectors	Honeycomb collimators	Cassegrain optics and spherical mirrors	Spherical mirror	Refractive telescopes	Reflective prime focus	Mechanical collimator
Aperture diameter	60 mm	150 mm	—	150 mm	100 mm	50 mm	90 mm	—
	150 mm	100 mm		150 mm
Accuracy of absolute calibration	None stated	Not stated	Absolute calibration not clear	Good agreement with Bless, 1968	Relative photometry ±25%; 50% probability good to factor 2	±25%	Relative to Smith’s observation of α–Leonis	±20% corrected by factor 4 at 1150 Å and 1.35 in 1969 at 1270 Å
Field of view	4° × 4°	2½° circular	±1.5°	2°	2½° circular	3° × 3°	10° circular	7°
				2°
Filter efficiency	25% transmission (1)	—	Q.E. = 0.1%	17–20% transmission (1)	—	25% transmission	—	—
Mirror reflectance	—	R¹ = 0.85	R¹ = 0.25	R² = 0.72	R¹ = 0.85		R¹ = 0.32	—
Transmission	T² = 0.64	—	Collimator T = 64%	T¹ = 0.80	—	T² = 0.64	—	—
Q.E. of detector	0.15	0.40	—	0.15	0.40	0.10–0.14	0.23–0.40	0.25–0.40
Efficiency product	0.024	0.34	0.025	0.22	0.34	0.16–0.22	0.08–0.128	0.25
Effective collecting area	0.7 cm⁻²	60 cm⁻²	0.01 cm⁻²	4 cm⁻²	27 cm⁻²	0.3 cm⁻²	1.0 cm⁻²	2.4 cm⁻²
						0.43 cm⁻²	1.4 cm⁻²	4.8 cm⁻²
Year data published	1958	1963	1964	1964	1965	1968	1968	1968
Reference	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10

	Campbell, ROE	Campbell, ROE	Campbell, ROE	Campbell, ROE	Stecher, GSFC	Carruthers, NRL	Smith, Johns Hopkins
Year of launch	1967	Nov. 1968	Dec. 1968	1968	1968	1969	Satellite 1964
Wavelength range	2150 Å	2150 Å	2150 Å	1450 Å	912–3000 Å	1030–1180 Å	1050–1650 Å
	2550 Å	2550 Å	2550 Å			1230–1350 Å	1297–1650 Å
No. of stars	35	40	40	94	26	27	96
Bandwidth	150 Å	250 Å	250 Å	300 Å	100 Å	—	—
	150 Å	250 Å	250 Å
Optical system	Reflective Newtonian telescope	Reflective Newtonian telescope	Reflective Newtonian telescope	Reflective cassegrain	Reflective off-axis convergent beam	Reflective prime focus	Reflective Newtonian telescope
Aperture diameter	184 mm	184 mm	184 mm	220 mm	150 mm × 230 mm	25 mm	66 mm
	184 mm	184 mm	184 mm			12 mm
Accuracy of absolute calibration	±25%	±25%	±25%	±25%	Not stated but agreement with Campbell indicates ±25%– ±5%	Not stated	±50%
Field of view	1° circular	1° circular	1° circular	1° circular	0.5 sq. deg.	7° × 0.6°	1.92° circular 2.0° circular
Filter efficiency	25% transmission (1)	95% reflective (2)	95% reflective (2)	—	Grating 65%	—	—
Mirror reflectance	R² = 0.72	R² = 0.95	R² = 0.95	R² = 0.72	R¹ = 0.85	R¹ = 0.60	R¹ = 0.78
Transmission	T¹ = 0.80	T¹ = 0.80	T¹ = 0.80	T¹ = 0.80	T² = 0.64	—	T¹ 0.80
Q.E. of detector	0.06–0.12	0.06–0.12	0.06–0.12	0.10–0.14	0.06–0.12	0.25–0.40	0.005
Efficiency product	0.009–0.018	0.04–0.08	0.04–0.08	0.058–0.08	0.02–0.04	0.15–0.24	0.003
Effective collecting area	2.4 cm⁻²	10.6 cm⁻²	10.6 cm⁻²	22.0 cm⁻²	6.34 cm⁻²	max. 1.2 cm⁻²	0.05 cm⁻²
	4.8 cm⁻²	21.2 cm⁻²	21.2 cm⁻²	30.5 cm⁻²	12.70 cm⁻²	max. 0.24 cm⁻²
Year data published	1970	1971	1971	1970	1969	1969	1967
Reference	11	12	12	13	14	15	16

Abstract

Cited By

Figures (9)

Tables (2)

Applied Optics