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Deterministic work extraction from passive states via projective measurements

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Abstract

In order to cyclically extract work from a system that is in a passive state, an irreversible process must be utilised. The paradigmatic example of such a process is a projective measurement, followed by a conditional unitary operation. Here, we investigate the conditions for deterministic work extraction, whereby the same quantity of work is extracted for all measurement outcomes, while ensuring that the net work extraction is maximised. We show that if the measurement is repeatable, one must either perform work during the measurement process, or the measuring apparatus must be infinitely large. If the repeatability condition is relaxed, however, no such restrictions apply.

© 2017 Optical Society of America

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