Abstract
The very low temperatures (≤ μK) and simultaneously high densities (≥1014 cm−3) attainable with magnetic trapping and evaporative cooling techniques have enabled a number of experiments with atoms whose de Broglie wavelengths are on the order of, or larger than, the mean distance between the atoms. Work based on evaporative cooling has in the past relied on photon scattering to precool the atoms (with the unique, notable, exception of atomic hydrogen). The applicability of optical cooling has, in turn, limited the scope of species that could be explored in the ultracold regime primarily to the alkali metal atoms. Molecules and the vast majority of atomic species have been relegated to the sidelines.
© 1999 Optical Society of America
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