Abstract
Traditional x-ray laser schemes have either used long pulse (>500 ps) high energy optical lasers to pump collisional systems or short pulse (1–100 ps) low energy lasers to pump recombination x-ray lasers. Recently, several new schemes have been demonstrated that offer the possibility of compact tabletop x-ray laser systems. Rocca el at have demonstrated the first neon-like collisional x-ray laser pumped by a capillary discharge. This soft x-ray laser operates at 46.9 nm and has a saturated output of 30 μ), making it one the brightest compact sources available. Prepulse pumping schemes that use a low energy (typically 1/10 to 1/30 of the main) pulse 7 ns ahead of a high intensity main pulse have extended collisional systems to low 2 systems. The key advantage to this scheme is that a uniform plasma is produced that allows x-ray propagation with minimal refraction. Although the gain achieved in these systems (2–4 cm−1) is lower than that measured in higher Z systems, the uniform gain medium allows long plasma columns to be used efficiently. Multiple 100-ps pulses separated by several hundred, picoseconds have also been used successfully by Dai do et al. to pump nickel-like collisional systems.
© 1997 Optical Society of America
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