Abstract
In recent years many examples of physical interest have been studied in the presence of global coupling. That is, each element or oscillator is connected to every other oscillator. Examples of this phenomenon occur in nonlinear optics, superconducting electronics, population biology, and fluid flow. Because of the global coupling, a symmetry is induced in the models describing the dynamics. This symmetry induces two kinds of interesting behavior: in-phase (IP) states and anti-phase (AP) states. In many devices of practical interest the AP states are attracting and quite numerous. One interesting feature of the ubiquity of the AP states is that they may be used as associative memory elements if one has the methodology to choose among them. The fact that the AP states are attracting makes this problem a difficult one if one does not know a priori the structure of the phase space.
© 1993 Optical Society of America
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