Abstract
Two-level atoms (in free space) cannot be maintained in a state of steady-state inversion. Although this fact may seem to preclude the possibility of producing a two-level-atom laser, It is well known that strongly driven two-level atoms exhibit gain (and loss) at certain frequencies in the vicinity of the excitation frequency.1 Inside an optical cavity the optical gain may be larger than the losses, and laser oscillation should occur with an ensemble of two-level atoms as the active medlum.2
© 1989 Optical Society of America
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