Author Affiliations

S. Chen,¹ Y. Hu,² L. Zhang,³ and I. Bennion³

¹Smart Materials and Structures Research Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-3035, USA

²School of Electronic, Electrical and Information Engineering, South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 OAA, UK

³Photonics Research Group, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK