Author Affiliations

W. Imajuku,¹ E. Oki,¹ R. Papneja,² S. Morishita,³ K. Ogaki,⁴ M. Miyazawa,⁴ A. Nagata,⁵ H. Nakazato,⁶ H. Sugiyama,⁷ J. Allen,⁷ S. Hasegawa,⁸ N. Sakuraba,⁸ I. Nishioka,⁹ S. Seno,¹⁰ Y. Nakahira,¹¹ D. Ishii,¹² S. Okamoto,¹² S. Vyravipillai,¹³ M. Blumhardt,¹⁴ H. Rakotoranto,¹⁵ R. Rabbat,¹⁶ and V. Pandian¹⁷

¹NTT Laboratories, 1–1 Hikari-no-oka, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 239–0847, Japan

²ISOCORE, 12359 Sunrise Valley Drive Suite 100 Reston, VA 20191, U.S.A.

³TOYO Corporation, 1-1-6, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8284, Japan

⁴KDDIR&D Laboratories Ltd., 2-1-15 Ohara Fujimino, Saitama 356-8502, Japan

⁵Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd., 4-1-1 Kamikodanaka, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 211-8588, Japan

⁶Fujitsu Ltd., 4-1-1 Kamikodanaka, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 211-8588, Japan

⁷Juniper Networks, Shinjuku Park Tower N-35 3-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 163-1035, Japan

⁸ITOCHU Techno-Solutions Corporation, 3-2-5, Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-6080, Japan

⁹NEC Corporation, 1753 Shimonumabe Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 211-8666, Japan

¹⁰Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, 5-1-1 Ofuna, Kamakura-shi, Kanagawa 247-8501, Japan

¹¹Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd., 1-16-8 Chuou Warabi-shi Saitama 335-8510, Japan

¹²Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi Kouhokuku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan

¹³Agilent Technologies, 347 Burwood Highway Forest Hill Victoria 3131, Australia

¹⁴Alcatel USA Inc., 701 East Middlefield Road Mountain View, CA 94043, U.S.A.

¹⁵Cisco Systems, Inc., 170 West Tasman Dr San Jose, CA 95134, U.S.A.

¹⁶Fujitsu Laboratories of America, Inc., 1240 East Arques Avenue Sunnyvale, CA 94085, U.S.A.

¹⁷Sycamore Networks, 220Mill Road Chelmsford, MA 01824, U.S.A.