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Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) with broad bandwidth and spectrally flat gain are required for high-capacity, dense, wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) systems.1-3 The most straightforward techniques suggested for achieving spectral flatness are (a) maintaining high inversion while pumping at 1480 nm and (b) pumping at 980 nm.2-3
© 1995 Optical Society of America
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