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Long-haul terrestrial systems with amplifiers

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Abstract

Recent progress is optical amplifiers, especially erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs), has made possible a new era in optical transmission systems. The excellent characteristics of EDFAs, such as high gain, low noise, low-insertion loss, and polarization independence in the optical fiber minimum loss wavelength region of 1.55-μm, can provide long repeater spacing, very high speed, and bit rate flexible transmission in trunk lines.

© 1992 Optical Society of America

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