Abstract
Semiconductor lasers are the source of choice in applications ranging from telecommunications, medicine, and consumer electronics. They are very efficient, compact, low cost, and easily integrated in various systems. Standard Fabry-Perot (FP) semiconductor lasers have excellent mode quality and are suitable for in-plane integration but suffer from a highly astigmatic beam that requires active alignment of external optics. Vertical- cavity surface- emitting lasers (VCSEL) offer the possibility of superior beam quality, low cost light source but suffer from low power and less desirable mode behavior.
© 2003 Optical Society of America
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