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Raman amplification in unrepeatered submarine systems pushes the limits of distance and bandwidth

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Abstract

Raman amplification is a key technology for unrepeatered transmissions as it allows to widely increase both span length and optical bandwidth in a very simple manner. We review in this paper recent record demonstrations and installed systems where Raman amplification fulfills its role as a mean to reach very long repeaterless distances and to expand into new spectral areas.

© 2002 Optical Society of America

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