Author Affiliations

Andrey Shavorskiy,¹ Amy Cordones,² Josh Vura-Weis,² Katrin Siefermann,³ Daniel Slaughter,³ Felix Sturm,³ Fabian Weise,³ Hendrik Bluhm,⁴ Matthew Strader,⁵ Hana Cho,⁵ Ming-Fu Lin,^2,3 Camila Bacellar,^2,3 Champak Khurmi,³ Marcus Hertlein,¹ Jinghua Guo,¹ Tolek Tyliszczak,¹ David Prendergast,⁶ Das Pemmaraju,⁶ Giacomo Coslovich,⁵ Joseph Robinson,^5,7 Robert A. Kaindl,⁵ Robert W. Schoenlein,^3,5 Ali Belkacem,³ Thorsten Weber,³ Daniel M. Neumark,^2,3 Stephen R. Leone,^2,3,8 Dennis Nordlund,⁹ Hirohito Ogasawara,⁹ Anders R. Nilsson,⁹ Oleg Krupin,^7,10 Joshua J. Turner,⁷ William F. Schlotter,⁷ Michael R. Holmes,⁷ Philip A. Heimann,⁷ Marc Messerschmidt,⁷ Michael P. Minitti,⁷ Martin Beye,¹¹ Sheraz Gul,¹² Jin Z. Zhang,¹² Nils Huse,¹³ and Oliver Gessner^3,*

¹Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

²Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley

³Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

⁴Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

⁵Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

⁶Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

⁷Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

⁸Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley

⁹SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

¹⁰European XFEL GmbH

¹¹Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fuer Materialien und Energie GmbH

¹²Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz

¹³Max-Planck Research Department for Structural Dynamics at the University of Hamburg, CFEL

^*Corresponding author: ogessner@lbl.gov