Abstract
Recently, the possibility of readout and amplification of the photon number in a light beam with a sensitivity better than the shot-noise limit has been predicted1,2 and realized.3–5 At the heart of these experiments, which essentially are quantum versions of an optical repeater, is an intermediate step of optoelectronical conversion. Unlike optical beams, which most often carry shot noise, the quantum noise of an electrical current is readily below the shot-noise level.6,7 This allows the signal to be manipulated electrically with less noise than would be the case with (most) all-optical manipulation.
© 1994 Optical Society of America
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