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Three-dimensional Simulation of Multimode Interference Devices

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Abstract

Optical couplers are key components in photonic integrated circuits both for signal routing and signal processing. The most common design is a directional coupler (DC) consisting of two parallel monomode waveguides. If the gap between the two waveguides is reduced to zero the devices are called two mode interference (TMI) couplers. It has been shown theoretically [1,2] and experimentally [3,4] that replacement of this two moded section by a wider multi-mode interference (MMI) section can also be used to fabricate efficient couplers, if the monomode access waveguides are coupled into the multimode section with a gap g (figure 1). This leads to a natural separation of the access waveguides which eliminates the problem of filling- in which occurs for Y-junctions because of the finite resolution of the lithography process [4]. The gap between the access waveguides also avoids coupling between the feeding branches. A further advantage is that the structures can be built very compactly.

© 1994 Optical Society of America

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