Author Affiliations

Illan J. Kramer,^1,* Ratan Debnath,¹ Andras G. Pattantyus-Abraham,¹ Aaron R. Barkhouse,¹ Xihua Wang,¹ Larissa Levina,¹ Jiang Tang,² Armin Fischer,¹ Gerasimos Konstantatos,^1,3 Mark T. Greiner,² Zheng-Hong Lu,^2,4 Ines Raabe,⁵ Mohammad K. Nazeeruddin,⁵ Michael Grätzel,⁵ and Edward H. Sargent¹

¹Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada

²Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada

³ICFO—Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain

⁴Department of Physics, Yunnan University, 2 Cuihu Beilu, Yunnan, Kunming 650091, People’s Republic of China

⁵Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland

^*Corresponding author: illan.kramer@utoronto.ca