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Design and analysis of photonic crystal spectral diversity filters for biosensing

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Abstract

Most of the existing applications of photonic crystals (PCs) rely on the photonic bandgap (PBG), i.e., the range of frequency with no electromagnetic mode allowed. On the other hand, PCs have a unique anomalous dispersion property outside the PBG. There have been a few reports on using this property to control the propagation of light and making devices such as wavelength demultiplexers using superprism effect. In all these applications, the incident optical beams are spatially coherent. In this talk, we present for the first time the application of PCs for the manipulation and analysis of the spatially incoherent optical signals. We primarily discuss the design of spectral diversity filters for the analysis of Raman signals using PCs. Such filters can be used in sensors that rely on Raman spectroscopy. For example, Figure 1.a shows the Raman spectrum of Ethanol, with 5 distinct Raman peaks that must be analyzed in a sensor for the measurement of blood alcohol content. The Raman signal in such sensors can be modeled as a spatially incoherent source with equal spectra at different spatial locations of the source. A spectral diversity filter (shown in Figure 1.b) is used to convert this signal into another signal with a nonuniform pattern of spectrum at different locations. The idea here is not to use the far-field color separation. Rather, we are interested in the near-field fine structure. Note that different detector regions detect signals from different regions of the material. The detectors are not wavelength selective. The spectrum is measured by implementing several spectral diversity filters. The measured values for each filter represent different (and in an optimal case, orthogonal) information about the desired spectrum.

© 2003 Optical Society of America

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