Abstract

The modulation and multimode instabilities (MI and MMI) are mechanisms driving spontaneous spatial and temporal patterns (STP) formation including rogue waves (RWs) in a vast number of nonlinear systems ranging from biology to the laser physics [1-4]. Using Erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) mode-locked with carbon nanotubes, here for the first time we demonstrate experimentally the STP formation in the form of Akhmediev breathers (ABs), Peregrine soliton (PS), bi-periodic (second-order) Akhmediev breathers (BPAB), and chaotic solitons (CSs) driven by modulation and a new type of multimode instability – polarization instability called vector resonance multimode instability (VRMMI) [2, 3]. The output power statistics of STPs reveal their connection with the dark and bright rogue waves (DRWs and BRWs).

© 2019 IEEE