Abstract
We demonstrate detection of radio-frequency fields and arbitrarily-shaped radio-frequency waveform components beyond the projection noise limit (PNL). Our work employs a measure-evolve-measure (MEM) sequence, in which a first stroboscopic quantum non-demolition (QND) measurement ℳ1 produces a state with reduced projection noise, a period of free evolution accumulates signal, and a second stroboscopic QND measurement ℳ2 detects the change relative to the first measurement. The MEM scheme allows signal to coherently accumulate prior to readout of the atomic state. Overcoming the PNL improves the sensitivity in a magnetic field measurement [1, 2]. Our method allows quantification of entanglement-enhanced arbitrarily-shaped signal components and includes RF magnetometry as a special case. We demonstrate a sensitivity-volume figure of merit comparable to the best RF magnetometers at these frequencies [3].
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