Abstract
Formation of spatial solitons or more generally self-trapped beams in slab nonlinear waveguides have been the subject of numerous papers. In the earliest studies, that involves the Kerr effect, a planar configuration is requested to obtain a stable propagation [1]. When saturating nonlinearities, such as the photorefractive effect, are used 2-D self-trapping in bulk media is possible. This arrangement has naturally triggered major studies [2]. Use of a saturating nonlinearity in planar configuration could also bring great benefits. Indeed, slab waveguides allow better beam control, improved performances and offer potential hybridization or integration with photonics and electronics components. In this context, lithium niobate crystal (LiNbO3) benefits from mature technological processes for both its growth and for fabrication of active and passive devices. In the present work, we demonstrate beam self-trapping at low CW power (submilliwatt) in an isolated thin LiNbO3 film. The effect is triggered and controlled by a slight temperature increase of the slab waveguide. This original arrangement is characterized by self-focusing response time two orders of magnitude faster than in the bulk media. The specific underlying physics at the origin of this behaviour are discussed.
© 2015 IEEE
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