Abstract
Thanks to its nonlinear-, electro- and acousto-optical and piezo-response properties [1], lithium niobate (LiNbO3, LN) is widely used for many photonic applications. The high refractive index contrast offered by recently available thin film lithium-niobate-on-insulator (LNOI) platforms, provides new possibilities for miniaturizing LN-based integrated optics structures such as submicron waveguides [2] and resonators [3]. Inherent difficulties in patterning LN have led many researchers to pattern other optical layers contiguous to the LNOI instead [3], which results in a looser confinement of light in the LN layer, and hence a less efficient exploitation of its nonlinear and electro-optical properties. The latter features motivate ongoing efforts aiming at the development of a suitable technology for low-loss and high confinement waveguide ridges in LNOI [2, 4], which however still needs to be combined with periodic structures such as photonic crystals [5], grating couplers and Bragg reflectors in order to ultimately provide a fully functional integrated optics toolbox for ultra-compact LN photonics chips for efficient and ultrafast signal processing, modulation and frequency conversion.
© 2017 IEEE
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