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  • 2013 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics - International Quantum Electronics Conference
  • (Optica Publishing Group, 2013),
  • paper CK_1_1

Multifunctionnal self-collimating mesoscopic photonic crystals

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Abstract

Self-collimation is the ability for a structure to propagate a light beam without any distortion and in particular without lateral spreading. Demonstrated in 1999 in photonic crystal structures (PhC) by Kosaka [1], it has since then been at the heart of many theoretical and experimental studies. Recently self-collimation in mesoscopic structures alternating slabs of PhC and slabs of bulk material (see Fig.1(a)) has been demonstrated [2]. It was first thought that this mesoscopic self-collimation only occured when the phase index averaged to 0 over a mesoscopic period: <n>=(nPhC.lPhC+nb.lb)/(lb+lPhC)=0, requiring a negative index nPhC in the PhC slab to compensate for the positive phase index nb in the bulk material. This stringent condition leaves no room for other optimization or functionality and imposes air as the bulk material (nb=1). However, we have recently demonstrated that mesoscopic self-collimation condition does not actually rely on phase index in the PhC slab but on a new concept: the curvature index, nc [3]. This new condition of zero averaged curvature <C>=nc/lPhC+nb/lb=0 leaves room for many other optimizations. In particular, we have numerically demonstrated mesoscopic self-collimation in all positive index material with extremely low filling factor in air of 3% (see Fig.1(b)). This opens the way to applications of mesoscopic self-collimation to active structures like laser cavities or amplifier. Moreover, as this condition does not impose a particular mesoscopic period L=lPhC+lb and loosely constraints the phase index, it is possible to make mesoscopic self-collimating reflectors with arbitrary reflectivity value using appropriately designed slabs. It is thus possible to tune reflectiviy anywhere between high reflectivity (Fig.1(c)) or antireflection Fig.1(d). This opens the way towards multifunctional mesoscopic structures. We have also shown that mesoscopic self-collimation can be combined with slow light in structures essentially made of high index and potentially active or non-linear materials [3].

© 2013 IEEE

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