Abstract
Efficient and wideband Ti-diffused LiNbO3 optical modulators have developed and are widely used for fiber communication and various sensing systems. However, these devices have been contained dc-drift phenomena, observed as optical output variations under a dc bias voltage on the electrode. Two kinds of drift have been reported: one is short relaxation time due to a buffer layer, and the other is an intrinsic long-time drift whose relaxation time is typically a few minutes to several hours. To overcome these phenomena and to realize stable devices for field use, many investigations have been carried all over the world.
© 1995 Optical Society of America
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