Abstract
A good practical measure of laser performance is the power-conversion, or wall-plug, efficiency, defined as optical power out divided by electrical power in High efficiency operation is particularly important for vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) to limit the amount of heating caused by wasted power. The VCSEL structures reported by Geels et al.1 and Young et al., 1,3 (similar to Fig. 1) feature uniform current injection and simple processing (no regrowths, critical alignments, or implants). However, the performance of this structure has been mostly limited by the voltage drop and the corresponding heating caused by the top AlAs/GaAs DBR mirror. Recently, two improvements have been made to reduce the voltage drop and temperature effects that result in VCSELs with record high wall-plug efficiencies reaching 17.3%.
© 1993 Optical Society of America
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