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Strobed laser cinemicrographic method for study of the fluid mechanics of blood flow in small blood vessels

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Abstract

Laser light greatly facilitates basic and clinically related studies of the fluid mechanics of blood flow in small blood vessels. Included is the study of plasma and cell interactions within the vessel and with the endothelial lining. We have developed a system for such study. It uses a microscope for image magnification, laser light for illumination, acoustoeptic modulators for controlled strobing, a high-speed motion picture camera for recording data, and a unique method for direct visualization of the velocity profile data in three dimensions. Illumination with laser light has two distinct advantages over strobed arc illumination. The laser is more durable and reliable. An arc is fragile and has a brief firing period limited by overheating, and a short life span. Laser light also has a greater and adjustable intensity, making experimentation possible at higher magnifications and in larger blood vessels. The AO modulator was used as a shutter mechanism to convert a continuous argon laser beam to a controlled strobed light source. Controlled strobing permitted adjustment of the light energy to that needed for proper film exposure and minimized or prevented tissue injury. Strobing also froze the movement of the circulating blood cells, thereby defining their detail and location more sharply for visual observation. The velocity profile was visualized by utilizing the stereopsis ability of the human brain. Two pictures of blood in flow were taken a known time apart from a high-speed film sequence and viewed as a stereo-pair on a color monitor. The variable movement of the cells between the two scenes is seen as elevations or depressions proportional to their displacements. The nonmoving background serves as the flat plane of reference with respect to the moving cells. In this manner the velocity profile along a length of a vessel, including its branches and bifurcations, can be visualized and studied in three dimensions. Cell displacements can be measured by computer image processing and the measured displacements of the image displayed on a monitor in three dimensions. As a check, both the directly visualized and computer-calculated velocity profiles should coincide exactly. (Poster paper)

© 1986 Optical Society of America

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